Friday, December 11, 2015

Astronaut Scott Kelly Weighs in on Paris Climate Talks

As the Paris U.N. Climate Conference winds down, negotiators are still hammering out the details of a global deal to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. With close to 200 governments a part of the conversation, it’s important to remember perspective, in this case a global one. However, most of the negotiators are pinned to the ground. Besides images and videos, it’s safe to say a majority have never seen the blue marble called Earth from the vantage of space.
Speaking with Popular Scienceastronaut Scott Kelly, R&D Magazine’s Scientist of the Year, threw in his two cents regarding what negotiators in Paris should consider when making these decisions.
“When you’re standing on the ground and you look up, the sky just looks enormous, but up here it doesn’t,” he said. “It looks…very thin and fragile and something that we need to protect because it’s the only thing that’s really protecting us from space.”     
He noted that from the International Space Station, it’s very easy to see pollution in certain parts of the world, especially in Asia where it is almost “constant.” Additionally, he’s seen weather patterns and systems crop up in unexpected places.

Wednesday, December 9, 2015

NREL estimates economically viable U.S. renewable generation

Analysts at the Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) are providing, for the first time, a method for measuring the economic potential of renewable energy across the United States.
A study applying this new method found that renewable energy generation is economically viable in many parts of the United States largely due to rapidly declining technology costs.
The report, Estimating Renewable Energy Economic Potential in the United States: Methodology and Initial Results, describes a geospatial analysis method used to estimate the economic potential of several renewable resources. Economic potential is a metric that quantifies the amount of economically viable renewable generation that is available at a specific location. Analysis to date includes photovoltaics (PV), wind, geothermal, biomass and hydropower resources.

Tuesday, December 8, 2015

Plant-inspired Power Plants

A team of chemical engineers at the University of Pittsburgh recently identified the two main factors for determining the optimal catalyst for turning atmospheric CO2 into liquid fuel. The results of the study, which appeared in the journal ACS Catalysis, will streamline the search for an inexpensive yet highly effective new catalyst.
Imagine a power plant that takes the excess carbon dioxide (CO2) put in the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels and converts it back into fuel. Now imagine that power plant uses only a little water and the energy in sunlight to operate. The power plant wouldn't burn fossil fuels and would actually reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere during the manufacturing process. For millions of years, actual plants have been using water, sunlight, and CO2 to create sugars that allow them to grow. Scientists around the globe are now adopting their energy-producing behavior.

Early Dino Relatives Younger Than Previously Believed

Argentina’s Talampaya National Park is a desert expanse. Spanning 830 square miles, the area is characterized by craggy badlands with sparing vegetation. For paleontologists the site is specifically rich as it’s home to the ChaƱares Formation, a 250 ft thick geologic formation made of sediments from ancient waterways. According to the United Nations, the park along with the neighboring Ischigualasto National Park boast the most complete continental fossil record from the Triassic Period.
But a new study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences is calling into question the geologic timeline between dinosaurs and dinosauromorphs, early relatives of the former.
“Among Triassic geologic formations containing fossils, the ChaƱares Formation is a classic,” saidthe study’s coauthor Randall Irmis, a professor and curator at the Univ. of Utah’s National History Museum. “It contains a variety of complete fossil specimens of early dinosauromorphs, which are essentially dinosaur aunts, uncles and cousins.”  
The team measured radiocarbon isotopes extracted from zircon crystals found within volcanic ash in the formation. The crystals contained uranium, which over time decayed into lead. Using a mass spectrometer, they measured the uranium/lead ratio in each crystal.

Engineers build biologically powered chip

Columbia Engineering researchers have, for the first time, harnessed the molecular machinery of living systems to power an integrated circuit from adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of life. They achieved this by integrating a conventional solid-state complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit with an artificial lipid bilayer membrane containing ATP-powered ion pumps, opening the door to creating entirely new artificial systems that contain both biological and solid-state components. The study, led by Ken Shepard, Lau Family Professor of Electrical Engineering and professor of biomedical engineering at Columbia Engineering, is published online Dec. 7 in Nature Communications.
"In combining a biological electronic device with CMOS, we will be able to create new systems not possible with either technology alone," says Shepard. "We are excited at the prospect of expanding the palette of active devices that will have new functions, such as harvesting energy from ATP, as was done here, or recognizing specific molecules, giving chips the potential to taste and smell. This was quite a unique new direction for us and it has great potential to give solid-state systems new capabilities with biological components."

New Images Provide Best View of Pluto Yet

From icy craters with cracked layers and rugged badlands to the al-Idrisi mountains, Pluto’s surface still holds many mysteries for scientists. And with an array of new close-up images sent from NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft, humans are now closer to the surface than ever before.
Last week, New Horizons transmitted images from its July flyby with resolutions about 250 to 280 ft per pixel, allowing scientists a view of features about half the size of a city block. The new mosaic image is about 50 mi wide and covers a length of 500 mi, from the edge of Pluto’s Sputnik Planum and northwest to its horizon.
“Nothing of this quality was available for Venus or Mars until decades after their first flybys; yet at Pluto we’re there already—down among the craters, ice fields and mountains—less than five months after flyby,” said Alan Stern, the principal investigator of New Horizons. “The science we can do with these images is simply unbelievable.”

Monday, December 7, 2015

2015 R&D 100 Market Disruptor Product Special Recognition Award: Silver Award

2015 R&D 100 Market Disruptor Product Special Recognition Award: Silver Award

Our Silver Winner for the Market Disruptor Product R&D 100 Special Recognition Award is Perkin Elmer’s Solaris Open Air Fluorescence Imaging system.
Perkin Elmer’s Solaris is truly a disruptive technology that pushes the boundaries of in vivo imaging from a closed box into an open air setting, expanding the application spectrum of in vivo optical imaging. Solaris is a multi-species fluorescence imaging system designed for image guided surgery applications. The system integrates into existing surgical workflows, providing surgical illumination and hands-free image acquisition, while functioning in ambient light conditions. With four fluorescent imaging channel capability, Solaris allows researchers to gain further understanding of their research models. Solaris is an enabling technology for preclinical research across a variety of disease models in both small and large animals. Utilizing PerkinElmer’s portfolio of fluorescent imaging agents, as well as fluorescent dyes FITC and ICG, researchers can further interrogate disease models in oncology, inflammation, infectious diseases, as well as fluorescent guided injections for applications such as stem cell therapies.

Sunday, December 6, 2015

2015 R&D 100 Editor's Choice Award: IT/Electrical

2015 R&D 100 Editor's Choice Award Winner: IT/Electrical

For IT/Electrical we presented the Editor’s Choice Award toIBM’s TrueNorth. The TrueNorth neurosynaptic chip embodies a new architecture inspired by the brain and is designed to perform similar tasks of perception, recognition, association and decision efficiently. Each chip contains 1 million neurons and 256 million synapses and are designed so they homogeneously scale to build larger systems, while consuming only 70 mW of power. The chip is literally a supercomputer the size of a postage stamp, consuming the power of a hearing aid battery.
For more information on this technology, click here.
Technology
Neurosynaptic chip
Developer
IBM

Award Year

 
2015

Organization

IBM

Developers

 
Filipp Akopyan
Rodrigo Alvarez-Icaza
Arnon Amir
Alexander Anderopoulos
Rathinakumar Appuswamy
John Arthur
Sameh Asaad
Christian Baks
Ralph Bellofatto
Bernard Brezzo
Andrew Cassidy
Charles Cox
Pallab Datta
Steven Esser
Myron Flickner
Daniel Friedman
Marc Gonzalez-Tallada
Chen Guo
Chuck Haymes
Nabil Imam
Ken Inoue
Bryan Jackson
Jeffrey Kusnitz
Scott Lekuch
Rajit Manohar
Michael Mastro
Emmett McQuinn
Paul Merolla
Steve Millman
Dr. Dharmendra Modha (Principal Investigator)
Roger Mousalli
Yutaka Nakamura
Tapan Nayak
Don Nguyen
William Risk
Jun Sawada
Kai Schleupen
Raghav Singh
Brian Taba
Ivan Vo